When you hear the word “pentagon,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? For many people, it is the imposing, five-sided headquarters of the United States Department of Defense near Washington, D.C. That building has certainly made the word famous. But long before it was an architectural marvel, a pantagonar was a fundamental idea, a simple yet powerful shape in the world of geometry.
In its most basic form, a pentagon is just a flat, two-dimensional shape with five straight sides and five angles. The word itself comes from the Greek words “pente,” meaning five, and “gonia,” meaning angle. So, a pentagon is literally a “five-angle” figure. I find it helpful to think of it as a member of the polygon family. A polygon is any closed shape made with straight lines, like triangles, squares, and hexagons. The pentagon is the specific family member that always has five sides.
Understanding the pentagon is not just an academic exercise. It is a key to seeing the world more clearly. This shape appears in places you might not expect, from the organic patterns in a flower to the deliberate design of a man-made object. My own fascination with geometry began not in a classroom, but when I was a child staring at a soccer ball. I could not understand how those black patches, which I now know are pentagons, fit so perfectly with the white hexagons to make a perfect sphere. That curiosity led me down a path of discovery, and in this article, I want to share that journey with you. We will explore everything from the simple definition of a pentagon to its surprising role in the world around us, all in simple, easy-to-understand language.
Let us start by breaking down the pentagon into its most basic components. This is where we build our foundation. If you can grasp these simple ideas, the more complex topics will be much easier to understand.
First, a pentagon has five sides. These sides are the straight lines that form the boundary of the shape. It is a closed shape, meaning there are no gaps; the sides connect end-to-end to form a single, continuous loop.
Next, a pentagon has five vertices (the singular form is “vertex”). A vertex is simply a corner point where two sides meet. If you look at a drawing of a pentagon, the vertices are the points where the lines change direction. So, for every pentagon, the number of sides is always equal to the number of vertices. It is a package deal: five of each.
Finally, and this is often the trickiest part for beginners, a pentagon has five angles. These are the angles on the inside of the shape, at each vertex. Now, here is a fundamental rule that works for any simple pentagon, whether it is perfectly regular or lopsided and irregular. The sum of all these five interior angles will always, always equal 540 degrees.
I remember struggling to memorize this fact in school. What helped me was understanding where it comes from. There is a simple formula for the sum of interior angles in any polygon: (n-2) × 180°, where ‘n’ is the number of sides. For a pentagon, n is 5. So, (5-2) × 180° = 3 × 180° = 540°. This formula works because you can divide any polygon into triangles, and we know a triangle has 180 degrees. A pentagon can be divided into three triangles, and 3 triangles × 180 degrees each gives us 540 degrees. This is not just a random number; it is a logical outcome of the shape’s structure.
To visualize this, imagine a pentagon as a room. The sides are the walls, the vertices are the corners where the walls meet, and the angles determine how wide or narrow those corners are. No matter how you rearrange the furniture inside, the total amount of “corner space” in that five-walled room will always be 540 degrees.
Read Also: Mastering Business Intelligence Exercises for Data-Driven Growth
Now that we know what every pentagon has in common, it is time to look at the two main families of pentagons: regular and irregular. This distinction is crucial because it affects how the shape looks, how we work with it mathematically, and where we tend to find it in the world.
A Regular Pentagon is the superstar of the pentagon world. It is the one we usually picture in our minds. It is perfectly symmetrical and uniform. What does that mean in practical terms?
All five of its sides are of equal length.
All five of its interior angles are of equal measure.
Since we know the total sum of the angles is 540 degrees, if all five angles are equal, each one must be 540° ÷ 5 = 108 degrees. This 108-degree angle is a special characteristic of the regular pentagon. Its symmetry makes it very pleasing to the eye and mathematically elegant. Think of a home plate on a baseball diamond or the shape of a government building you might know; these are classic examples of regular pentagons.
An Irregular Pentagon, on the other hand, is much more common and, in some ways, more free-spirited. It is still a five-sided polygon, so it obeys all the rules we discussed earlier (five sides, five vertices, 540-degree total for interior angles). However, it breaks the rules of uniformity.
Its sides can be of different lengths.
Its angles can be of different measures.
As long as it has five straight sides and is closed, it is an irregular pentagon. A child’s simple drawing of a house might be an irregular pentagon if the roof and base are made from five lines. The outline of many plots of land or a seemingly random crystal structure could be irregular pentagons. They are everywhere once you start looking for them.
There is another layer to this: convex and concave pentagons. A convex pentagon is one where no interior angle is greater than 180 degrees. You can think of it as having all its vertices “pointing outwards.” Both regular pentagons and many irregular ones are convex. A concave pentagon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, creating a “cave” or an indentation in the shape. Imagine taking a regular pentagon and pushing one of the vertices inward. That dent creates a concave pentagon. This is an important distinction in more advanced geometry and design.
For many people, the thought of math formulas can be intimidating. I certainly felt that way. But when we understand the logic behind the formulas, they stop being scary recipes and start being useful tools. Let us look at the two most common calculations for a pentagon: perimeter and area.
The perimeter is the easier one. The perimeter of any polygon is simply the total distance around it, the sum of the lengths of all its sides. For a pentagon, whether it is regular or irregular, you just add up the lengths of all five sides.
Perimeter of an irregular pentagon = Side1 + Side2 + Side3 + Side4 + Side5
Perimeter of a regular pentagon = 5 × length of one side (since all sides are equal)
It is straightforward. If you were building a fence around a pentagonal garden, the perimeter would tell you how much fencing material you need.
The area is a bit more complex because it measures the space enclosed within the five sides. The formula you use depends entirely on whether you are dealing with a regular or irregular pentagon.
For an irregular pentagon, there is no single, simple formula because the shape can be so… well, irregular. The most common way to find its area is to divide it into smaller, simpler shapes like triangles and rectangles, calculate the area of each of those, and then add them all up. This method, called triangulation, is very versatile and is a fundamental tool in geometry and surveying.
For a regular pentagon, we are in luck. Because of its symmetry, we have a neat formula. If you know the length of one side (let us call it ‘s’), the area can be calculated using this formula:
Area ≈ (1/4) × √(5(5+2√5)) × s²
I know that looks messy with its square root signs. Do not worry, you do not need to memorize it. The key takeaway is that it is a constant value (that whole messy part with the square roots) multiplied by the square of the side length. That constant is approximately equal to 1.720. So, for a quick and fairly accurate estimate, you can use: Area ≈ 1.720 × s²
Let me give you a real-life example. Suppose you are designing a regular pentagonal tabletop, and each side is 2 feet long. The area would be approximately 1.720 × (2²) = 1.720 × 4 = 6.88 square feet. This tells you the amount of wood you would need for the top surface. Understanding this area is crucial for anyone in design, construction, or manufacturing.
This is my favorite part. Geometry is not just lines on paper; it is the hidden blueprint of our world. The pentagon, in particular, shows up in some fascinating places, blending mathematics, biology, and human ingenuity.
In Human Design:
The most famous pentagon is, of course, The Pentagon building. Its choice was practical; a five-sided layout allowed for shorter walking distances between offices than a square of equivalent area. But look beyond that. Take a close look at a soccer ball (a classic football). For years, the standard ball was a truncated icosahedron, made by stitching together 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons. The pentagons are crucial; they provide the necessary curvature to make the ball spherical. This design is so iconic it has become a symbol of the sport itself. In pyrotechnics, the explosion of a firework often creates a pentagonal star shape in the sky, a testament to the shape’s inherent symmetry and balance.
In Nature:
Nature is the ultimate geometer, and it uses the pentagon for its efficiency and strength. Look at a starfish. Many species exhibit perfect or near-perfect pentagonal symmetry, with their five arms arranged around a central disk. This body plan, known as pentaradial symmetry, is efficient for their lifestyle. Some flowers, like morning glories, have petals arranged in a pentagonal pattern. Cut an apple in half horizontally, right through its core, and you will often see a beautiful pentagonal pattern formed by the seed pods. The okra vegetable, when sliced cross-sectionally, often reveals a perfect pentagonal shape. Even some viruses have icosahedral shells, which are structures based on pentagons and triangles, because this is a very stable way to enclose a space.
Why does nature love the pentagon? It often comes down to packing and strength. The pentagon offers a great balance between structural integrity and efficient use of materials. In the case of the soccer ball and the virus, the pentagon allows for a spherical structure that is very strong. For the starfish, the symmetry allows for balanced movement and regeneration.
No discussion of the pentagon would be complete without mentioning its famous relative, the pentagram. A pentagram is a star polygon, and it is created by drawing the diagonals of a regular pentagon. If you take a regular pentagon and connect all its vertices with straight lines, you will draw a pentagram inside it.
This simple act of drawing lines reveals a treasure trove of mathematical wonder. The pentagram is filled with examples of the Golden Ratio, often denoted by the Greek letter phi (φ), which is approximately 1.618. The Golden Ratio is a special number that appears in art, architecture, and nature, often associated with beauty and harmony. In a pentagram, the ratio of the length of a diagonal to the length of a side is exactly the Golden Ratio.
This mathematical property is why the pentagon and pentagram have held such symbolic power throughout history. The ancient Greeks, particularly the Pythagoreans, saw the pentagram as a symbol of mathematical perfection and used it as a secret sign. In medieval and Renaissance magic, it was a symbol of protection and microcosmic power. Today, it is used in the flags of many countries and is a symbol of various beliefs and organizations.
I find it beautiful that a simple geometric construction, born from connecting the dots of a five-sided shape, can lead to such a profound and historically rich symbol. It shows that geometry is not just cold calculation; it is a language that can express ideas about proportion, balance, and the underlying order of the universe.
From the simple definition of a five-sided polygon to its appearance in the natural world and human culture, the pentagon is a shape of remarkable depth and versatility. We have seen that it is defined by its five sides, five vertices, and interior angles that always sum to 540 degrees. We have learned to distinguish the perfect symmetry of the regular pentagon from the varied forms of the irregular pentagon. We have tackled the math behind calculating its perimeter and area, and discovered that these formulas are not abstract concepts but practical tools for real-world projects.
Most importantly, we have seen that the pentagon is not confined to the pages of a geometry textbook. It is a shape that appears on our sports fields, in our gardens, and in the very structure of life itself. It connects to profound mathematical ideas like the Golden Ratio and has served as a powerful symbol for millennia. The next time you see a soccer ball, slice an apple, or even glance at a picture of a starfish, I hope you will see the humble pentagon in a new light. It is a perfect example of how a simple geometric idea can be a key to understanding the complexity and beauty of the world around us.
Q1: How many sides does a pentagon have?
A: A pentagon always has five sides. The name comes from the Greek “pente” for five and “gonia” for angle.
Q2: What is the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon?
A: The sum of the interior angles of any simple pentagon is always 540 degrees. This is a fixed rule derived from the formula (n-2) × 180°, where n=5.
Q3: What is the difference between a pentagon and a pentagram?
A: A pentagon is a five-sided polygon. A pentagram is a star-shaped figure that is formed by drawing the diagonals of a regular pentagon. You will often find a pentagram inside a pentagon.
Q4: Can a pentagon have parallel sides?
A: Yes, an irregular pentagon can have one or even two pairs of parallel sides. However, a regular pentagon has no parallel sides at all.
Q5: Why is the pentagon shape so strong?
A: The pentagon, especially when combined with other shapes, creates a stable and rigid structure. This is due to the way forces are distributed across its angles and sides. This principle is used in architecture and engineering, like in the geodesic domes inspired by pentagonal and hexagonal patterns.
Q6: Are there any real-life examples of a perfect regular pentagon?
A: While perfection is hard to achieve, many human-made objects come very close. A home plate in baseball is a regular pentagon (though one side is shortened for the point). The Pentagon building is a very large, near-perfect regular pentagon. In nature, the shape of an Okra slice or the symmetry of a starfish are excellent approximations.
When you hear the word “pentagon,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? For many people, it is the imposing, five-sided headquarters of the United States Department of Defense near Washington, D.C. That building has certainly made the word famous. But long before it was an architectural marvel, a pantagonar was a fundamental idea, a simple yet powerful shape in the world of geometry.
In its most basic form, a pentagon is just a flat, two-dimensional shape with five straight sides and five angles. The word itself comes from the Greek words “pente,” meaning five, and “gonia,” meaning angle. So, a pentagon is literally a “five-angle” figure. I find it helpful to think of it as a member of the polygon family. A polygon is any closed shape made with straight lines, like triangles, squares, and hexagons. The pentagon is the specific family member that always has five sides.
Understanding the pentagon is not just an academic exercise. It is a key to seeing the world more clearly. This shape appears in places you might not expect, from the organic patterns in a flower to the deliberate design of a man-made object. My own fascination with geometry began not in a classroom, but when I was a child staring at a soccer ball. I could not understand how those black patches, which I now know are pentagons, fit so perfectly with the white hexagons to make a perfect sphere. That curiosity led me down a path of discovery, and in this article, I want to share that journey with you. We will explore everything from the simple definition of a pentagon to its surprising role in the world around us, all in simple, easy-to-understand language.
Let us start by breaking down the pentagon into its most basic components. This is where we build our foundation. If you can grasp these simple ideas, the more complex topics will be much easier to understand.
First, a pentagon has five sides. These sides are the straight lines that form the boundary of the shape. It is a closed shape, meaning there are no gaps; the sides connect end-to-end to form a single, continuous loop.
Next, a pentagon has five vertices (the singular form is “vertex”). A vertex is simply a corner point where two sides meet. If you look at a drawing of a pentagon, the vertices are the points where the lines change direction. So, for every pentagon, the number of sides is always equal to the number of vertices. It is a package deal: five of each.
Finally, and this is often the trickiest part for beginners, a pentagon has five angles. These are the angles on the inside of the shape, at each vertex. Now, here is a fundamental rule that works for any simple pentagon, whether it is perfectly regular or lopsided and irregular. The sum of all these five interior angles will always, always equal 540 degrees.
I remember struggling to memorize this fact in school. What helped me was understanding where it comes from. There is a simple formula for the sum of interior angles in any polygon: (n-2) × 180°, where ‘n’ is the number of sides. For a pentagon, n is 5. So, (5-2) × 180° = 3 × 180° = 540°. This formula works because you can divide any polygon into triangles, and we know a triangle has 180 degrees. A pentagon can be divided into three triangles, and 3 triangles × 180 degrees each gives us 540 degrees. This is not just a random number; it is a logical outcome of the shape’s structure.
To visualize this, imagine a pentagon as a room. The sides are the walls, the vertices are the corners where the walls meet, and the angles determine how wide or narrow those corners are. No matter how you rearrange the furniture inside, the total amount of “corner space” in that five-walled room will always be 540 degrees.
Read Also: Mastering Business Intelligence Exercises for Data-Driven Growth
Now that we know what every pentagon has in common, it is time to look at the two main families of pentagons: regular and irregular. This distinction is crucial because it affects how the shape looks, how we work with it mathematically, and where we tend to find it in the world.
A Regular Pentagon is the superstar of the pentagon world. It is the one we usually picture in our minds. It is perfectly symmetrical and uniform. What does that mean in practical terms?
All five of its sides are of equal length.
All five of its interior angles are of equal measure.
Since we know the total sum of the angles is 540 degrees, if all five angles are equal, each one must be 540° ÷ 5 = 108 degrees. This 108-degree angle is a special characteristic of the regular pentagon. Its symmetry makes it very pleasing to the eye and mathematically elegant. Think of a home plate on a baseball diamond or the shape of a government building you might know; these are classic examples of regular pentagons.
An Irregular Pentagon, on the other hand, is much more common and, in some ways, more free-spirited. It is still a five-sided polygon, so it obeys all the rules we discussed earlier (five sides, five vertices, 540-degree total for interior angles). However, it breaks the rules of uniformity.
Its sides can be of different lengths.
Its angles can be of different measures.
As long as it has five straight sides and is closed, it is an irregular pentagon. A child’s simple drawing of a house might be an irregular pentagon if the roof and base are made from five lines. The outline of many plots of land or a seemingly random crystal structure could be irregular pentagons. They are everywhere once you start looking for them.
There is another layer to this: convex and concave pentagons. A convex pentagon is one where no interior angle is greater than 180 degrees. You can think of it as having all its vertices “pointing outwards.” Both regular pentagons and many irregular ones are convex. A concave pentagon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, creating a “cave” or an indentation in the shape. Imagine taking a regular pentagon and pushing one of the vertices inward. That dent creates a concave pentagon. This is an important distinction in more advanced geometry and design.
For many people, the thought of math formulas can be intimidating. I certainly felt that way. But when we understand the logic behind the formulas, they stop being scary recipes and start being useful tools. Let us look at the two most common calculations for a pentagon: perimeter and area.
The perimeter is the easier one. The perimeter of any polygon is simply the total distance around it, the sum of the lengths of all its sides. For a pentagon, whether it is regular or irregular, you just add up the lengths of all five sides.
Perimeter of an irregular pentagon = Side1 + Side2 + Side3 + Side4 + Side5
Perimeter of a regular pentagon = 5 × length of one side (since all sides are equal)
It is straightforward. If you were building a fence around a pentagonal garden, the perimeter would tell you how much fencing material you need.
The area is a bit more complex because it measures the space enclosed within the five sides. The formula you use depends entirely on whether you are dealing with a regular or irregular pentagon.
For an irregular pentagon, there is no single, simple formula because the shape can be so… well, irregular. The most common way to find its area is to divide it into smaller, simpler shapes like triangles and rectangles, calculate the area of each of those, and then add them all up. This method, called triangulation, is very versatile and is a fundamental tool in geometry and surveying.
For a regular pentagon, we are in luck. Because of its symmetry, we have a neat formula. If you know the length of one side (let us call it ‘s’), the area can be calculated using this formula:
Area ≈ (1/4) × √(5(5+2√5)) × s²
I know that looks messy with its square root signs. Do not worry, you do not need to memorize it. The key takeaway is that it is a constant value (that whole messy part with the square roots) multiplied by the square of the side length. That constant is approximately equal to 1.720. So, for a quick and fairly accurate estimate, you can use: Area ≈ 1.720 × s²
Let me give you a real-life example. Suppose you are designing a regular pentagonal tabletop, and each side is 2 feet long. The area would be approximately 1.720 × (2²) = 1.720 × 4 = 6.88 square feet. This tells you the amount of wood you would need for the top surface. Understanding this area is crucial for anyone in design, construction, or manufacturing.
This is my favorite part. Geometry is not just lines on paper; it is the hidden blueprint of our world. The pentagon, in particular, shows up in some fascinating places, blending mathematics, biology, and human ingenuity.
In Human Design:
The most famous pentagon is, of course, The Pentagon building. Its choice was practical; a five-sided layout allowed for shorter walking distances between offices than a square of equivalent area. But look beyond that. Take a close look at a soccer ball (a classic football). For years, the standard ball was a truncated icosahedron, made by stitching together 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons. The pentagons are crucial; they provide the necessary curvature to make the ball spherical. This design is so iconic it has become a symbol of the sport itself. In pyrotechnics, the explosion of a firework often creates a pentagonal star shape in the sky, a testament to the shape’s inherent symmetry and balance.
In Nature:
Nature is the ultimate geometer, and it uses the pentagon for its efficiency and strength. Look at a starfish. Many species exhibit perfect or near-perfect pentagonal symmetry, with their five arms arranged around a central disk. This body plan, known as pentaradial symmetry, is efficient for their lifestyle. Some flowers, like morning glories, have petals arranged in a pentagonal pattern. Cut an apple in half horizontally, right through its core, and you will often see a beautiful pentagonal pattern formed by the seed pods. The okra vegetable, when sliced cross-sectionally, often reveals a perfect pentagonal shape. Even some viruses have icosahedral shells, which are structures based on pentagons and triangles, because this is a very stable way to enclose a space.
Why does nature love the pentagon? It often comes down to packing and strength. The pentagon offers a great balance between structural integrity and efficient use of materials. In the case of the soccer ball and the virus, the pentagon allows for a spherical structure that is very strong. For the starfish, the symmetry allows for balanced movement and regeneration.
No discussion of the pentagon would be complete without mentioning its famous relative, the pentagram. A pentagram is a star polygon, and it is created by drawing the diagonals of a regular pentagon. If you take a regular pentagon and connect all its vertices with straight lines, you will draw a pentagram inside it.
This simple act of drawing lines reveals a treasure trove of mathematical wonder. The pentagram is filled with examples of the Golden Ratio, often denoted by the Greek letter phi (φ), which is approximately 1.618. The Golden Ratio is a special number that appears in art, architecture, and nature, often associated with beauty and harmony. In a pentagram, the ratio of the length of a diagonal to the length of a side is exactly the Golden Ratio.
This mathematical property is why the pentagon and pentagram have held such symbolic power throughout history. The ancient Greeks, particularly the Pythagoreans, saw the pentagram as a symbol of mathematical perfection and used it as a secret sign. In medieval and Renaissance magic, it was a symbol of protection and microcosmic power. Today, it is used in the flags of many countries and is a symbol of various beliefs and organizations.
I find it beautiful that a simple geometric construction, born from connecting the dots of a five-sided shape, can lead to such a profound and historically rich symbol. It shows that geometry is not just cold calculation; it is a language that can express ideas about proportion, balance, and the underlying order of the universe.
From the simple definition of a five-sided polygon to its appearance in the natural world and human culture, the pentagon is a shape of remarkable depth and versatility. We have seen that it is defined by its five sides, five vertices, and interior angles that always sum to 540 degrees. We have learned to distinguish the perfect symmetry of the regular pentagon from the varied forms of the irregular pentagon. We have tackled the math behind calculating its perimeter and area, and discovered that these formulas are not abstract concepts but practical tools for real-world projects.
Most importantly, we have seen that the pentagon is not confined to the pages of a geometry textbook. It is a shape that appears on our sports fields, in our gardens, and in the very structure of life itself. It connects to profound mathematical ideas like the Golden Ratio and has served as a powerful symbol for millennia. The next time you see a soccer ball, slice an apple, or even glance at a picture of a starfish, I hope you will see the humble pentagon in a new light. It is a perfect example of how a simple geometric idea can be a key to understanding the complexity and beauty of the world around us.
Q1: How many sides does a pentagon have?
A: A pentagon always has five sides. The name comes from the Greek “pente” for five and “gonia” for angle.
Q2: What is the sum of the interior angles of a pentagon?
A: The sum of the interior angles of any simple pentagon is always 540 degrees. This is a fixed rule derived from the formula (n-2) × 180°, where n=5.
Q3: What is the difference between a pentagon and a pentagram?
A: A pentagon is a five-sided polygon. A pentagram is a star-shaped figure that is formed by drawing the diagonals of a regular pentagon. You will often find a pentagram inside a pentagon.
Q4: Can a pentagon have parallel sides?
A: Yes, an irregular pentagon can have one or even two pairs of parallel sides. However, a regular pentagon has no parallel sides at all.
Q5: Why is the pentagon shape so strong?
A: The pentagon, especially when combined with other shapes, creates a stable and rigid structure. This is due to the way forces are distributed across its angles and sides. This principle is used in architecture and engineering, like in the geodesic domes inspired by pentagonal and hexagonal patterns.
Q6: Are there any real-life examples of a perfect regular pentagon?
A: While perfection is hard to achieve, many human-made objects come very close. A home plate in baseball is a regular pentagon (though one side is shortened for the point). The Pentagon building is a very large, near-perfect regular pentagon. In nature, the shape of an Okra slice or the symmetry of a starfish are excellent approximations.
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy.
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy.
The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making
The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy.
It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution
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